Other than the ASCII art mentioned above, I don't see how you can create a three-dimensional game utilizing text only. By descibing the gaming environment, you can try making it as 3D as possible but visually, it is next to impossible to make a 3D text-based game.

Isn't asking for a 3D text game like asking for a two dimensional cube?
The closest I can think of would be a "Choose Your Own Adventure" book. It's text based and your imagination is in three dimensions.

You folks have such limited imaginations (and knowledge of computer history)! One of the really early text-based games is Adventure!, originally by Willy Crowther. Now it is known as Crowther and Woods 'Colossal Cave Adventure' game. This is a true 3D adventure, because the "Colossal Cave" mentioned by the game Adventure is a reference to an actual cave within the Mammoth Cave system in Kentucky. However, the game is not actually based on that cave, but is instead a remarkably faithful reproduction of nearby Bedquilt Cave.

I played the game from the original FORTRAN source, and had to examine the source more than once to figure out how to make use of the myriad "clues" in the game. Anyway, I once constructed a 3D model of the cave to help me work out the connectivity of many parts of the labyrinth!

You have no idea what you are missing if you haven't ever played one of these games. Compared with modern 3D GUI games, it is like reading the book instead of watching the movie! Your imagination gets to construct models that can be much more creative than what is provided by the animator and GUI illustrator.

There is a download website here. Have at it!