At the beginning there was Rogue... it was 1984... randomly generated dungeons was great thing at that time, so Rogue get a lot of fans... all text-based RPG's have their root is Rogue - from Rogue they have their name - Roguelike...
Till now we have a lot of its clones and variants, and there are still showing up new ones and existing ones are under heavily development... To most known belongs:
NetHack - supports also nice graphical GUI and internet play...
ADOM (Ancient Domains of Mystery) - great Roguelike placed in mysterious world called Darkalor, you can chose good or bad way, very playable...
Angband - also great Roguelike, based on Tolkien's Middle Earth, for example you have to beat Sauron... this game have plenty of variants, such as best of them:
Zangband - based upon stories of Zelazny - with strongly improved system and many new races including races like skeleton/zombie/vampire... - realy - this one is my favorite...
Edit -> Rogue, that's how it's spelled

