Gentoo wont damage your hardware, its just that compiling from scratch will run your CPU at 100% for a few hours, if your cooling isnt up-to it, it may overheat.
you missed "-fomit-frame-pointer" from the CFLAGS, but this should just reduce performance a little, and should not cause any instability.
the porgram to monitor cpu tempreture is lm_sensors, you need to have compiled support for your monitoring chip on the kernel.
when you check the md5sums, test the cd's md5 againsed the .iso.md5 on the server.
the corruption may have occured dureing download.
memtest86.com
http://www.memtest86.com/this is a confusing error !
Faulty hardware would normally cause a kernel panick, and memory dump.
So i would guess its not your hardware.
And Bugs in the compiler / KDE should cause a seg-fault error...
and your not getting this.
is it possable you made a mistake somwhere ?
Gentoo is probably the second hardest distro to install, right behind Linux From Scratch.
Maybe try a stage3 install ?
i stage3, all important and critical software like the compiler, and glibc are pre-compiled.
yo just need to compile Xorg and KDE.
Otherwise... Keep hacking through, get dirty, find the problem and fix it..( the fun bit, lol )
Or... go back to Slackware.
I Think gentoo is fantastic,
But if you dont enjoy doing some dirty work, and tinkering with the inner workings of linux, It can become quite annoying at times like these.
EDIT: oohhhh, and about your nvidia problem...
assuming you have compiled and loaded the driver (load with modprobe nvidia)
and you get the sae error starting X, have a look in /dev/ for the files /dev/nvidia0 and /dev/nvidiactl.
if they dont exist, run the following as root.
CODE
mknod /dev/nvidiactl c 195 255
mknod /dev/nvidia0 c 195 0
chown root.video /dev/nvidia*
chmod 0660 /dev/nvidia*
then restart X
CODE
/etc/init.d/xdm restart
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